It is proved that high blood pressure is the result of sclerosis of the arteries and the cause of serious heart diseases.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of the vessels that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows down blood circulation and increases the load on the heart.
Norm and pathology of blood pressure
The optimal blood pressure is the value of the tonometer of 120/80 mm.RT.Art.The pressure is considered increased when arterial indicators are stably exceeding the norm comfortable for humans by 10%.
Temporary fluctuation of blood pressure, differences during the day is a common occurrence.
| Stage of hypertension | Sistolical indicator (garden), mm.RT.Art. | Diastolic indicator (DAD), mm.RT.Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Norm | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 stage (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 stages (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 stages | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
The initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, slight dizziness, poor sleep, flies before the eyes are taken by a person for signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without any medical care.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, a person can wait:
- infarction;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- stratification or gap of aorta.
In the final stages of these diseases, a fatal outcome is possible.A particularly severe form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of the two hundred patients, more often - men.The disease does not stop in any drugs, drugs even worsen the patient's condition.A person “burns” for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
High blood pressure is closely related to risk factors that can be individual, or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External provoking factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: if both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children, whose parents had normal blood pressure - no more than 20%) | Alimentary: a diet of an atherogenic profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: increased pressure develops in 15% - aged 50 to 60 years, in 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 years old | Smoking-it is proved that it is from nicotine that blood pressure rises: a stroke and heart attack in the smokers occurs 2-3 times more often than that of non-smokers |
| Paul: The prevalence of arterial hypertension under the age of 40 years in men is much higher than in women, later these differences are smoothed out | Excessive consumption of coffee every day is detrimental to the tone of blood vessels, causing their spasm and automatically increasing pressure |
| Obesity: The dependence between body mass and the level of blood pressure is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator by 2-3 units, and diastolic-by 1-3. In fat people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, arterial hypertension is due to excess body weight), weight loss leads to a decrease in pressure |
Flexive causes of increased pressure are stress, overwork, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overloads, mental overwork |
| Personal features: easily excitable nervous system, ambitiousness, suspicion, dissatisfaction achieved, an indomitable desire for competition is the reasons why the pressure of too emotional people increases | A sedentary lifestyle: in hypodynamic people, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than in physically active or trained (physical activity during labor activity increases blood pressure, and reduces during rest) |
| Race: African Americans, mainly female, fall at the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, negatively affects the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People prone to hypertension need to remind you from which the pressure is still increasing from, this is: irregular working day, night shifts, professional harmfulness, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main reasons for increasing blood pressure
Along with the provoking moments or the background on which hypertension occurs, high pressure provoke specific causes that can be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud-brain injury |
| Taking drugs: NSAIDs, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormonal contraceptives | Disruption of the function of the kidneys, heart, brain, liver |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, foci of chronic infection |
| Anatomical features of the structure of the human body | VSD |
| Insomnia of any genesis | Dyslipidemia and increasing the content of uric acid level |
| Having lifts | Diabetes |
| Mete -sensitivity | Tumors |
| For a long time not treated migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathhouse | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With increased pressure, a person begins to feel discomfort, the first signs of which become:
- headaches, a feeling of squeezing the temples with a hoop;
- the feeling that the head is "stale";
- dizziness;
- noise in the ears, flickering of flies in front of the eyes;
- unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- sleep disorders.
These initial symptoms of hypertension.A person takes an increase in blood pressure for overwork, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually passes into borderline or labile hypertension, which is characterized by fluctuations in pressure, like a pendulum.It occurs at different ages and can be:
- youth;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sports;
- professional.
Its main features are considered to be:
- episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the USA and the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these borders;
- independent normalization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, bloody vessels;
- Reliable excluded symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
Constantly high arterial pressure left without attention will become the main cause of hypertension.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in the work of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- the puntes of the cheeks, the sensation of the heat in the whole body;
- cold limbs with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narbating;
- fatigue, causeless nervousness;
- tachycardia;
- pulsation in the temples;
- sweating or internal converting;
- pastiness;
- anxiety;
- a feeling of complete emptiness, powerlessness;
- Premuroks, fainting;
- muscle cramps;
- Tremor of the arms and legs.
Increased pressure in pregnant women has its own special manifestations, this is:
- sharp deterioration in well -being;
- pain in the back of the head;
- veil in front of the eyes;
- noise in the ears;
- vomit;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Heaviness in the legs.
Any of these signs or symptoms suggest tonometry and timely seeking a doctor.
What to do if the pressure has increased?
High pressure left without attention can cause fatal and not fatal complications: cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney diseases.
Consider what needs to be done at home if hell has risen:
- to help a person find a convenient rest for relaxation (preferably half -sitting, on high pillows);
- ensure complete peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movements);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and, when stabilizing the numbers of blood pressure, lower the legs into it for 10 minutes, which will provide outflow of blood from the head, improve well -being;
- With an increase in pressure, you can put a mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, make a compress from apple cider vinegar to the feet;
- relax in a chair or in a chair, straighten your back, inhale deeply with your nose, exhale with your mouth (5 times);
- You can knock down high pressure on your back: on exhalation it is necessary to stop your breath for 2 seconds, which in 5 minutes normalizes the emotional background, reduces blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- Massage of the acupuncture point under the earlobe or half a centimeter towards the nose from it, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, hoping only for himself, taking any drugs is unacceptable.
Medicines
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension, when the pressure of 160/90 and higher, strictly individual, correlating with the cause of hypertension and the nature of its course.
| Groups of drugs | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| ACE blockers | Inhibit vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excess fluids remove, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balancing calcium ions not associated with proteins that are necessary for the normal functioning of the myocardium |
| Beta blockers | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha blockers | Early reduce pressure |
| Vasodilators | Expand the vessels, removing spasm |
| Antagonists angiotensin-2 | Block the Angiotensin of the kidneys, narrowing the vessels |
Possible complications
When the pressure is increased, this entails dangerous disorders of the body:
- arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- hypoxia, ischemia of tissues and organs;
- stenosis of arteries, capillaries;
- violation of the synthesis of aldosterone with the development of edema, an increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- reduction of kidney function;
- development of atherosclerosis;
Merbs in the metabolism system ultimately lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help to draw up an individual program for high -pressure prevention, the main events are as follows:
- weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure by a couple of units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- correct alternation of rest and work;
- good sleep;
- Positive mood every day.
The elderly recommended sanatorium-resort treatment.